Windmill



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

T. 0. PERRY. WINDMILL.

Patented July 8, 1890.

WITNESSESI a INVENTOR' mi News EETERS 00., mow-mum, WASNNGIGN o (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

T. O. PERRY.

WINDMILL.

Patented July 8, 1890.

l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS O. PERRY, OF TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN.

WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,851, dated July 8, 1890.

Application filed March 28, 1887. Serial No. 232,675. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS O. PERRY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Tecumseh, in the county of Lenawee and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful \Vindmill, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to vertical windmillsthat is to say, those whose wheel-shafts revolve about horizontal axes.

Figure Us a side elevation of the windmill, showing the wheel in section in a plane cutting its axis. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the windmill omitting the vane and vane-arms, excepting a small portion of the latter at the forward end. Fig. 3 is a plan of the central portion of the windmill-action, the wheel and vane being omitted. Fig. 4. is a front elevation of the central portion of the windmillaction, showing the parts which are located just back of the wheel and a modified form of the mechanism for imparting reciprocating motion to the pump-rod. Fig. 5 is a sectional detail of one of the sails and a device for attaching the, sails to the outer band of the wheel, said band and attaching device being shown in plan. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the upper part of the tower and wheel-bearing frame, section being made in the plane indicated by the line 6 6 on Figs. 7, 8, and 9. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section at the line 7 7 on Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section at the line 8 8 on Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a horizontal section at the line. 9 9 on Fig. 6. Fig. 10 is a section at the line 10 10 on Fig. 2." Fig. 11 is a perspective of a clip which secures the sails.

The sails C, which are concave in front, are rigidly fastened, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, to the outer and inner bands B and B. The outer band B passes through the slot in each sail near the center of pressure; otherwise the sails are fastened in the same manner to both outer and inner bands, as illustrated in said figures. The outer band B is bolted to the double arms A, whose inner ends are bolted to a double-flanged spider fastened to the shaft K. Theinner band B is bolted to cross-pieces B which are riveted between each pair of arms A. These arms are made thin so as to offer the least possible resistance to the motion of the wheel. The

sails, with supporting-bands, arms, and donble flanged spider principally constitute the wind-wheel.

The general construction of the outer and inner bands, arms, and double-flanged spider, as here shown and described, is substantially the same as set forth in my application, Serial No.113,l19,filed inthe PatentOffice November 30, 1883, and now pending. In the construction herein shown, however, each of the six double arms A is in one piece bent back upon itself at the center of its length where it is bolted to the outer band and the two extremities are bolted to the two flanges of the spider, the two branches thus diverging from the point at which the fastening to the band is made. This construction dispenses with certain parts which are otherwise necessary and simplifies the structure. The arms A are given an angle with the plane of the Wheel by twisting them close to the end at the outer band and also close to the ends where they are attached to the spider. The sails are secured to the hands by the angle-pieces 0.

One rivet only is necessary to secure the sails to the angle-piece and one to secure the angle-piece to the band, the lip O on the angle-piece clasping the edge of the band, and thereby fixing the position of the sails and making it rigid with the band.

The shaft K of the wind-wheel is supported in the bearing B, which is formed upon the wheel-bearing frame A. This frame comprises a cast cylinder, which is set over a vertical piece of pipe H, on which it turns freely, the lower end of the cylinder resting upon a flanged collar F, attached to or forming a part of the pipe 11. The lower end of the pipe II is secured to the top of a tower in the usual manner. The tower-top is in the drawings represented by the two masts J J, be tween which the lower end of the pipe H is secured, as shown, the collar F resting upon the cap G, which is set over the upper ends of the masts J J.

The bearing B of the shaft K is so placed with reference to the vertical axis of the wheel-bearing frame A that the said shaft K passes to one side of the pipe 11. A crankplate 0 is secured to the rear end of the shaft K back of the wheelbearing frame A. A

rock-arm D is connected by a broad hinge or hearing at the fulcrum H, which is formed at the extremity of the curved arm H which is part of the Wheel-bearing frame A, and extends upward from the bearingB to a point considerably higher than and at one side of the vertical plane through the shaft K. The other end of the rock-arm D is connected with the crank-plate O by the pitman E, and is also connected with the pump-rod 1 which extends down through the pipe H. The pitman E and the pump-rod F are connected at opposite sides to the rock-arm D at opposite ends of the.cross-arm D formed on said rockarm, the same pin D serving to connect both the pitman and the pump-rod and passing through the cross-arm D for that purpose. The pin I) may be rigidly fastened in the cross-arm D The length of this cross-arm is sufficient to separate the pitman and pumprod such distance as is rendered necessary by the relative positions of the pipe H, through which the pump-rod extends down, and the crank-plate O, which is located back of the pipe and actuates the pitman. The broad hinge at the fulcrum H is made by passing a pin tightly through the fulcrum to afl'ord bearing for the rock-arm, which is forked at this end and embraces the fulcrum 11 between its fork-arms D D, by which it obtains two considerably-separatedpoints of bearingupon the pin which passes through the fulcrum at opposite ends of the fulcrum. The breadth of this bearing and the form in which it is constructed, as described, tend to adapt it to resist the tendency to distortion, which might result from the opposite strain of the pitman and pump-rod.

At the top and bottom of the wheel-bearing frame A, I form two ears A and A respectively, and to these ears the vane-arm is pivoted. This vane-arm comprises the principal arm M and the brace N, bolted together at m and tied together by a vertical bar at a short distance from the pivot. The principal arm M is bent or formed with a laterally deflected 01' curved part M at its forward end, and it extends forward of its pivot in the portion M and has secured to that forwardlyextended portion an elastic stop S, which comes into contact with the bearing 13 when the vane stands at right angles with the wheel, as in Fig. 1.

The purpose of the deflected or curved portion M of the vane-arm is to allow space for the mechanism which connects the shaft K with the pump-rod or whatever part extends to the mechanism to be ultimately operated. In the present case it accommodates the pitman E and crank-wheel, or, in the form shown in Fig. 4, the pitman and gear-wheels. The link K connects the-vane-arm M with the extremity of an arm J, which is hinged broadly at the fulcrum Hon the same pin which supports the rock-arm D, the arm J being forked and its fork-arms embracing both the forkarms D D and the fulcrum II and obtaining bearing upon the ends of the pin which protrude beyond the fork-arms D. A lever L, having a weight IV upon it, is rigidly connected with the arm J. The weight W tends to keep the vane Vat right angles to the plane of the wind-wheel; butas the axis of the win dthere is attached a cord or wire P, which ex-v tends down through the pipe II, and by pulling this cord or wire the wind-wheel may be turned to a position about parallel with the vane, so as to present only the edge of the wheel to the wind. The upper end of the lever L is bent at right angles to its general extent or provided with alateral projection L, which, when the lever is pulled down by the cord P, comes into contact with the brakewheel R, which is secured to the wind-wheel, as illustrated. The purpose of this brake- Wheel is to assist in arresting the rotation of the wind-wheel when it is pulled out of the wind by the means described.

The bend M in the vane-arm Mis so located with respect to the pivot or the vertical line through the pivots A and A of the vane to the wheel-frame that, notwithstanding those pivots are in a line forward of the vertical crank-plate and pitman, the bend M accommodates the parts which are behind that pivot, not only when the vane extends at right angles to the wheel, (inthis position accommodating the lateral motion or extent of those parts,) but also accommodates them when the vane is swung around to a position parallel to the wheel, (in that position accommodating their extent rearward from the pivot of the vane to the frame.) Besides serving this purpose, this bend serves a further purpose of affording a pivotal connection for the link K far enough to one side of the pivot of the vane-arm to give the proper leverage, whereby the link may operate the vane-arm to swing it round to bring the wheel facing the wind. In the absence of this bend it would be necessary to extend a special arm from the arm M to afford such connection and leverage to the link K.

Instead of extending the cord or wire P directly to the ground, it is connected with a disk U, which is located directly below the lower end of the pipe II. This disk U is pierced by a rectangular hole on one side, and is guided by a fiat bar G, which passes up through the pipe H and is secured rigidly to the top of the wheel-frame A at the margin of the tubular portion thereof, whereon a lug a is provided for that purpose. The bar G may be further steadied by a collar Q, which is fastened to it and extends a short distance loosely into the lower end of the pipe H. The pump-rod F plays through a slot U without necessarily touching the disk. The disk with the wire P attached thus turns with the wheel-frame A, and is pulled down by means of a ring T, which is flanged on the inside, and which surrounds thewire P and the guidebar G and the pump-rod F, and which loosely incloses the disk U, which is free to turn therein. This ring T is fastened at one side to the upper end of another flat bar X, which is guided and prevented from turning by passing through a slot in a guide-piece Y, which is attached to the masts J J. A cord Z is attached to the lower end of the bar X and extends to the ground, where it may be secured to some fixed object, being in no danger of being twisted by the rotary motion of the wheel-bearing frame A. The collar Q is provided with a flange or projection which reaches under the edge of the pipe II and prevents the possibility of the frame being lifted from its place. This possibility is also further prevented by the brace N of the main arm, which also reaches under the flange of the collar F A modified form of mechanism for imparting reciprocating motion to the pump-rod is shown in Fig. 4, consisting of a pinion substituted for the crank plate or wheel C on the rear end of the shaft K and a gear crankwheel E, which is located directly beneath the pinion and meshes therewith and is driven thereby. This gear crank-wheel E is supported on a bearing D, which is formed as a part of the wheel-frame Aand is placed on one side of the vertical axis of this frame, being in that respect located similarly to the bearing B,so that the shaft of the gear crankwheel may pass by the pipe II. The pitman E connects with the crank-wrist on the gear erank-wheel E. The use of such a gear crank-wheel actuated by the pinion on the wind-wheel shaft is not new; but its position behind the cylinder of the wheel-bearing frame-that is, on the opposite side of the axis of such frame from the wheel itself-in connection with the pinion similarly located, offers special facility for making connection with the pump-rod and renders the structure more compact than it could readily be made otherwise. Thcposition of the crank-wheel (J and pitman E is also especially advantageous for the same reason, and it may be especially noted that this position of the crankwheel and pitman' allows the wind-wheel to come nearer to the vertical axis of the wheelbearing frame without shortening the shaft K too much to permit it still to have a sufficiently broad bearing in the frame.

I claim- 1. In a windmill, in combination with the wind-wheel, the frame in which it has its bearing and the vane pivoted to such frame and extending approximately in the plane of the axis of the wind-wheel and having its arm bent laterally or provided with a lateral recess to provide space to accommodate the mechanism which'transmits power from the wind-wheel shaft, substantially as set forth.

2. In a windmill, in combination with the wheel-bearing frame, the wind-wheel journaled thereon and located in front of the vertical axis of such frame, a train of mechanism for communicating power from the windwheel, taking power from the wind-wheel shaft at the rear end thereof, and a vane pivoted to the frame and having its arm deflected laterally at the vicinity of such power-communicating train, substantially as set forth.

3. In a windmill, in combination with the wheel-bearing frame, the Wind-wheel journaled thereon, mechanism deriving motion from the rear end of the wind-wheel shaft and comprising a pitman for communicating vertically reciprocating motion, such pitinan playing past the end of the wind-wheel shaft, and the vane having its arm deflected laterally at the vicinity of the rear end of the shaft to accommodate the play of such pitman, substantially as set forth.

4. In a wind-wheel, the brake L, attached to or forming part of the vane-operating lever L, in combination with the brake-wheel R, arranged in the path of such brake as it moves with said lever, and the cord P, combined and operating substantially as set forth.

5. In a windmill, in combination with the wheel-bearing frame adapted to turn on a vertical pivot and the mechanism by which the wheel is operated to bring it in and out of the wind, the cord or wire Plconnectcd to and adapted to operate such mechanism, the disk U, to which said cord or wire is connected at its lower end, and the guide-bar G, 011 which said disk is adapted to slide vertically and be prevented from turning, said guide-bar extending within the tubular axis of the wheelbearing frame and rigidly secured thereto at the upper end. the ring T, loosely encircling such disk, and the bar X, secured rigidly to said ring and guided in a fixed vertical slidebearing Y, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a windmill, in combination with the wheel-bearing frame, which is adapted to rotate upon a vertical axis and is tubular about such axis, the tubular support upon which such frame is thus journaled, the wind-wheel supported upon such wheel-bearing frame and the mechanism by which it is turned into .and out of the wind, a rod or cord connected to such mechanism to operate the same and extending down through the tubular wheelbearing frame and its tubular support, the disk U, secured to such wire at the lower en d, and a flat bar G, on which said disk is guided and adapted to slide vertically and by which it is prevented from turning, such bar extending up through the tubular support and the tubular wheel-bearing frame and secured rigidly to the latter at the upper end, and a bar X, guided in a fixed bearing and loosely connected at the upper end to said sleeve in a manner which permits the latter to turn nected to such mechanism and adapted tooperate it, such rod or cord extending down through the tubular Wheel-bearing frame and its tubular support, the disk U, connected to such cord or rod at its lower end, a Hat bar G, on Which such disk is guided and adapted to slide vertically and by which it is pre vented from to rning, such bar being extended up through the tubular support and tubular wheel-bearing frame and rigidly connected to the latter at the upper end, and a slide-bar X, guided in a fixed bearing Y and adapted to reciprocate vertically and loosely connected to the disk U in such manner that the latter can turn freely with respect to it, said disk being apertured to permit the reciprocating rod to pass through it freely, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

THOMAS O. PERRY.

Witnesses GIDEON D. PERRY, CHARLES BURRIDGE. 

